There are three main verb moods in Adûnaic: the optative, subjunctive, and future.
optative are just that—verbs with just two consonants.
subjunctive are also the same, but with three consonants (also the most common form of verbs in Adûnaic).
future Already shown and inflected in Verb-classes, see Future (simple and continuative)
Below is a list of inflections possible for Adûnaic verbs.
Biconsonantal Verbs
Tense |
Formation |
Examples |
aorist |
Add an -a to the verb stem |
*yad- à yada (“goes”) |
continuative-present |
Lengthen the vowel, add an -i to the verb stem. |
|
past |
Double the last consonant, add an -a to the verb stem |
*yad- à yadda (“gone”) *yad- à mî yada (“gone”) |
Continuative-past |
double the last consonant, add an -â. |
*yad- à mî yâdi (“was going”) |
future |
Aorist form with future auxiliary |
*yad- à rô yada (“will go”) |
Continuative-future |
Continuative-present form with future auxiliary. |
*yad- à rô yâdi (“will be going”) |
Plural |
Add -m to the end of the appropriate tense. |
hiyâdi (“she is going”) à yiyâdim (“they are going”) |
Triconsonantal Verbs
Tense |
Formation |
Examples |
aorist |
Add an -a to the verb stem |
|
continuative-present |
Change variable vowel to [u], add an -i to the verb stem. |
*kalab- à kalubi (“falling”) |
past |
Double the last consonant, add an -a to the verb stem (alternatively, just use aorist with past tense auxiliary) |
*kalab- à kallaba (“fell/fallen”) *kalab- à mî kalba (“fell/fallen”) |
Continuative-past |
Past tense auxiliary with continuative-present form. |
*kalab- à mî kalubi (“was falling”) |
future |
Aorist form with future auxiliary |
*kalab- à rô kalba(“will fall”) |
Continuative-future |
Continuative-present form with future auxiliary. |
*kalab- à rô kalubi (“will be falling”) |
Plural |
Add -m to the end of the appropriate tense. |
ukallaba (“he has fallen”) à yukallabam (“they have fallen”) |
Derived Verbs are initially tricky to understand, since they take all shapes and sizes, and you can combine -dâ with a triconsonantal word to get a quad-consonantal derived verb, and Adûnaic has no unique rules for inflecting them. So here are the rules:
#1. A uniconsonantal word turned into a derived verb is inflected as a normal biconsonantal verb (e.g. pâ + -râ à pâra aorist).
#2. A triconsonantal word full-form or otherwise with a verbal suffix added is still treated as a normal Derived verb, just treat it as if the first consonant does not exist and inflect it as a normal Derived verb (e.g. malak + -dâ = malkadâ)
Derived Verbs (Standard)
Tense |
Formation |
Examples |
aorist |
Verb stem but with short final a. |
azgarâ à azgara |
continuative-present |
Change variable vowel to u, add -i to the â. |
azgarâ à azagâri |
past |
double the middle consonant, add a stem vowel to break up clusters of more than three consonants and shorten the final vowel (alternatively, use aorist with past auxiliary). |
azgarâ à azaggara azgarâ à mî azgara |
Continuative-past |
Continuative-present but with past auxiliary. |
azgarâ à mî azagâri |
future |
Aorist tense but with future auxiliary. |
azgarâ à rô azgara |
Continuative-future |
Continuative-present but with future auxiliary. |
azgarâ à rô azagâri |
Plural |
Add -m to verb. |
hiyazgara (“she wages war”) à yiyazgaram (“they wage war”) |