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Verb-moods

There are three main verb moods in Adûnaic: the optative, subjunctive, and future.

 

optative are just that—verbs with just two consonants.

subjunctive are also the same, but with three consonants (also the most common form of verbs in Adûnaic).

future Already shown and inflected in Verb-classes, see Future (simple and continuative)

 

 

Below is a list of inflections possible for Adûnaic verbs.

Biconsonantal Verbs

Tense

Formation

Examples

aorist

Add an -a to the verb stem

*yad- à yada (“goes”)

continuative-present

Lengthen the vowel, add an -i to the verb stem.


*yad- à yâdi (“going”)

past

Double the last consonant, add an -a to the verb stem

 *yad- à yadda (“gone”)

*yad- à mî yada (“gone”)

Continuative-past

double the last consonant, add an .

*yad- à mî yâdi (“was going”)

future

Aorist form with future auxiliary

 *yad- à rô yada (“will go”)

Continuative-future

Continuative-present form with future auxiliary.

*yad- à rô yâdi (“will be going”)

Plural

Add -m to the end of the appropriate tense.

hiyâdi (“she is going”) à yiyâdim (“they are going”)

 

 

Triconsonantal Verbs

Tense

Formation

Examples

aorist

Add an -a to the verb stem


*kalab- à kalba (“falls”)

continuative-present

Change variable vowel to [u], add an -i to the verb stem.

*kalab- à kalubi (“falling”)

past

Double the last consonant, add an -a to the verb stem (alternatively, just use aorist with past tense auxiliary)

 *kalab- à kallaba (“fell/fallen”)

*kalab- à mî kalba (“fell/fallen”)

Continuative-past

Past tense auxiliary with continuative-present form.

*kalab- à mî kalubi (“was falling”)

future

Aorist form with future auxiliary

 *kalab- à rô kalba(“will fall”)

Continuative-future

Continuative-present form with future auxiliary.

*kalab- à rô kalubi (“will be falling”)

Plural

Add -m to the end of the appropriate tense.

ukallaba (“he has fallen”) à yukallabam (“they have fallen”)

 

 

Derived Verbs are initially tricky to understand, since they take all shapes and sizes, and you can combine -dâ with a triconsonantal word to get a quad-consonantal derived verb, and Adûnaic has no unique rules for inflecting them.  So here are the rules:

#1.  A uniconsonantal word turned into a derived verb is inflected as a normal biconsonantal verb (e.g. pâ + -râ à pâra aorist).

#2.  A triconsonantal word full-form or otherwise with a verbal suffix added is still treated as a normal Derived verb, just treat it as if the first consonant does not exist and inflect it as a normal Derived verb (e.g. malak + -dâ = malkadâ)

 

Derived Verbs (Standard)

Tense

Formation

Examples

aorist

Verb stem but with short final a.

azgarâ à azgara

continuative-present

Change variable vowel to u, add -i to the â.

azgarâ à azagâri

past

double the middle consonant, add a stem vowel to break up clusters of more than three consonants and shorten the final vowel (alternatively, use aorist with past auxiliary).

 azgarâ à azaggara

azgarâ à mî azgara

Continuative-past

Continuative-present but with past auxiliary.

azgarâ à mî azagâri

future

Aorist tense but with future auxiliary.

azgarâ à rô azgara

Continuative-future

Continuative-present but with future auxiliary.

azgarâ à rô azagâri

Plural

Add -m to verb.

hiyazgara (“she wages war”) à yiyazgaram (“they wage war”)