Adûnaic pronouns are unique by having two dominant forms, prefixal and independent, with prefixal being preferred in writing and speaking. In Prefixal form, they appear as a prenominal prefix next to and behind a verb, and only ever appear as the subject. In Independent form, they can be placed separately as the subject (when not next to a verb) or as an indirect object, though they become suffixed when they are a direct object and thus immediately succeed a verb.
The standard pronouns can also be used as possessives, but only as an extension to an- (“of”) and placed after the noun modified.
Case:
Three cases, Prefixal, Independent and Possessive.
Prefixal is when the pronoun immediately precedes a verb, whereupon it is prefixed to the latter. This only applies to verbs, it is in Independent form with every other kind of suffix (including prepositional suffixes, e.g. nênud, “on us”).
Independent is when the pronoun is either an object or does not precede a verb, whereupon it becomes lengthened unless already long (e.g. hi- becomes hî, ki- becomes kî, yu- becomes yû, nê- remains as nê, and etc).[1]
Possessive constructions are formed with -an + independent pronoun placed immediately after modified noun. Alternatively, Place the independent pronoun before it, but only when the meaning is clear (better to stick to the more formal version to insure minimum confusion).
Number:
Beyond singular and plural, one may indicate a pair of things (i.e. dual) by adding the dual suffix -at to the specified pronoun. Due note though that this only works when in Independent and Possessive form, this does not apply when the pronoun is prefixed to a verb.
Subject:
Beyond the base independent pronoun, one may also add -n to singular pronouns, and -m to plural pronouns to emphasize the subject pronoun. However, this would appear more on paper than in common speech, so using this is solely a personal choice.
Also, the subjective case is only possible when the copula is involved.
Vowel-combinations:
The usual vowel-combinations apply.
Adûnaic Pronoun List:
1st Person:
· hê/hê/(a)hhê (“I, me, my/mine”)
· nê/nê/annê (“we, us, our(s)”)
2nd Person:
· ki-/kî/akkî (“you, your(s)” [singular])
· wi-/wî/anwî (“you, your(s)” [plural])
3rd Person:
· (h)a-/(h)â/ahhâ (“it, its”)
· (h)u-/(h)û/ahhû (“he, him, his”)
· hi-/hî/ahhî (“she, her, hers”)
· ya-/yâ/anyâ (“they, them, their(s) [neuter]”)
· yu-/yû/anyû (“they, them, their(s) [masculine]”)
· yi-/yî/anyî (“they, them, their(s) [feminine]”)
Examples:
- Yâ(m) Nimîr, “They are Elves”. (Common, for Elves are animate.)
- Hê(n) Anû, “I am a (male) Man”.
- Â bêth, “It is a word/expression”.
- Utabbada hê, “He touched me”.
- Pharazônun azaggara nêda (nê + -ad(a)), “Pharazôn waged war against us”.
- Zâira nênud (nê + -nud), “Longing is on us”.
- Inakha Arminalêthô, “She comes from Armenelos”.
- Yakallabâ, “They fell”. (Talking about inanimate things.)
- Nêyâdit Yôzâyanad, “We two are going to the Land of Gift”.
- Yurahhatat zagar, “They broke the sword”. (Talking about two brothers.)
- Witôdim kadar, “You (pl.) are watching the city”.
- Urîda yakallabâ, “The mountains, they fell”. (Duplication, for emphasis.)
- Û(n) kahê(n) yadam kadarad, “He and I go to the city”. (Both in Subjective; verb with plural suffix.)
- Zadan annê, “Our house, (lit.) House of us”.
- Abâr anyît, “Their strength”. (Talking about two female beings.)
- Nardûwî ‘nû, “His soldiers”.
[1]. There is an alternate manner of independent pronoun form proposed by my fellow Adûnaic editor Peter Crijns. I ultimately decided against it, but it is well done so I am incorporating it here below, in case people wish to use this instead.
Alternate Independent pronouns are formed by using A-fortification instead of Vowel-Lengthening.
Example(s):
“hers, of hers” is -angê.
“theirs (masculine), of them” is -anyô.