{Home}


Adûnaic Semantic Categories

A sorting of various Adûnaic words to easily find its match in English.


1. Physical World

*aban n. “world”

*dâira n. “ground, earth”

ithir n. “lightning (bolt)”

*bawab n. “wind”

bêl n. “light”

bêr n. “snow”

*nitir v. “to kindle (to light on fire)”

khilik n. “ice”

môk n. “muck, mud, slime”

*zôr n. “fire, flame”

zôh n. “mist, fog”

turzu n. “storm, hurricane”

Land Geography.

urud n. “mountain”

rûth n. “scar, score, furrow”

sûd n. “mount, hill, lump, clump, mass”

tirik n. “fenland, marsh”

tûr n. “tunnel, burrow”

*zâyan n. “land”

ayar n. “desert, solitude”

*akhâs n. “chasm”

kûd n. “hole, hollow, tunnel”

*zâyan n. “land”

*sakal n. “shore”

turuth- v. “to scorch, burn, mar”

Water Geography.

nên n. “water”

urus n. “flood”

*rôth n. “foam, white crest of waves”

rôz n. “rain(drop)”

zarâm n. “lake”

(an)azâri adj. “maritime, pelagic”

*azra n. “sea”

*khibil n. “spring”

zarâm n. “lake”

nin- v. “to dispense, water”

rôz n. “rain(drop)”

ruzuk n. “shower”

The Sky, Heavens.

rôzabath n. “rainbow”

sapan n. “cloud”

ûri n. “sun”

*minal n. “the heavens, sky”

*gimli n. “star”

*igmil n. “star-shaped figure”

*nîlu n. “moon”

ûri n. “sun”

rôzabath n. “rainbow”

Darkness.

*dâur n. “gloom”

*dôlgu n. “(evil) night, (evil) darkness”

*nâlu n. “shade, shadow”

*ugru n. “shadow”

*ugrudâ- v. “to overshadow”

ukhud n. “vapor, fume, smoke”

2. Mankind

Nouns.

ganân n. “mortal (person), victim”

nuhul adj. “mortal”

Adûnâ n. “Númenórean, (lit.) Westerner”

ammê/ammî n. “mother”

anâ n. “human being”

attô/attû n. “father”

uddô n. “brother”

issê n. “sister”

Azûlâ n. “Easterling, (lit.) Easterner”

banâk n. “husband”

banâth n. “wife”

kali n. “woman”

mîk n. “infant boy”

mîth n. “infant girl, maid-child, little girl”

miya n. “infant”

narû n. “man”

nithil n. “girl”

nuphâr n. “parent”

phêl n. “daughter”

thôr n. “son”

zinî n. “female”

nôthlin. “family, kindred, folk, clan, (fig.) house”

bêlân n. “sibling, relative”

*-lâi n. “folk”

zônâ n. “barbarian, stranger”

khanar n. “boy” (WIP)”

*-ôn suff. “masculine agental suffix”

*-hin suf. “child, patronymic”

Suffixes.

-êth suf. “feminine suffix”

-hin suf. “child, patronymic”

suf. “feminine suffix”

-ôn suf. “masculine agental suffix”

*-û suf. “masculine suffix”

3. Animals

Nouns.

*karab n. “horse”

*karbî n. “mare”

*karbû n. “stallion”

*urug n. “bear”

urgî n. “female bear”

urgû n. “male bear”

suzra n. “fish”

suzrê n. “female fish”

suzrô n. “male fish”

*khô n. “crow”

khâu n. “craban crow”

*raba n. “dog, hound”

rabê n. “female dog, bitch”

rabô n. “male dog”

ragad n. “beast”

phêub n. “gull, seagull”

phêubê n. “female gull”

phêubô n. “male gull”

bô/bâu n. “sheep”

bôk n. “ram”

bôth n. “ewe”

sira n. “whale”

sirî n. “(whale) cow”

sirû n. “(whale) bull”

irik n. “hawk”

irkî n. “female hawk”

irkû n. “male hawk”

murna n. “cow (gen.)”

murnê n. “cow (fem.)”

murnô n. “bull”

murun n. “cattle”

*narak n. “eagle”

narkî n. “female eagle”

narkû n. “male eagle”

ziba n. “bee”

pakha n. “chicken”

pakhê n. “female chicken, hen”

pakhô n. “rooster, cock”

sukra n. “spider”

mûmâ n. “elephant, mûmak”

mûmâk n. “male elephant”

mûmâth n. “female elephant”

wur-v. “to howl”

4. Body Parts and Functions

Nouns.

hirig n. “throat, neck”

mâug n. “maw, mouth”

*huzun n. “ear”

* n. “hand”

tâl n. “foot”

libir n. “digit, (fig.) finger”

tâllibir n. “toe, (lit.) foot-digit”

pâlibir n. “finger, (lit.) hand-digit”

ubud n. “body”

*zôri n. “nurse”

*agan n. “death”

*yân n. “tongue”

râd n. “life”

*pûh n. “breath”

*zidar n. “poise”

kazri n. “womb, female reproductive organ”

Adjectives.

agani adj. “dead”

khôba adj. “sickly”

barâna adj. “mighty”

Verbs.

gan- v. “to perish, die”

zur- v. “to heal, nurse (back to health)”

*bat- v. “to walk”

huznudâ- v. “to hear”

tuh- v. “to spit”

hak- v. “to hack, cough”

5. Food and Drink

Nouns.

barakh n. “bread”

dâirâzar n. “potato, (lit.) earth-apple”

razar n. “apple”

hîm n. “ale, beer”

mirib n. “wine”

silim n. “milk”

zilib n. “butter”

agra n. “grain”

midik n. “goblet, cup”

imrib n. “wine jar/cask”

hurzu n. “honey”

yatha n. “fruit”

sarakh n. “flesh, meat”

tassa n. “salt”

Verbs.

zakh- v. “to bite”

gub- v. “to drink”

lunug- v. “to swallow”

6. Clothing and Adornment

Nouns.

zimir n. “jewel”

sûph n. “wool”

lûth n. “down, fluff”

naskâ n. “ring”

khûma n. “mask, veil”

kasta n. “treasure”

uhud n. “hat”

Verbs.

kinir- v. “to weave, twine”

zimrathâ- v. “to gather jewels, bejewel (something/someone)”

7. Dwelling and Furniture

Nouns.

*zadan n. “house”

arath n. “chair, stool”

talba n. “table”

kuzum n. “hall”

parag n. “wall, fence”

bêlkud n. “window, (lit.) light-hole”

rudum n. “door”

*târik n. “pillar”

Verbs.

duk- v. “to dwell, inhabit”

tarak- v. “to support, to brace, reinforce”

8. Agriculture and Vegetation

rapha n. “tree”

*inzil n. “flower, lily”

ûrînzil n. “sunflower”

*kulbu n. “root”

*kulub n. “all edible vegetable roots”

pathan n. “leaf”

phalad n. “sward, grass”

9. Physical Acts and Materials

Nouns.

bôr n. “stone, rock”

baraz n. “iron, metal”

*pharaz n. “gold”

ingi n. “string, rope”

ikri n. “knife”

sîth n. “scythe”

*tamar n. “smith”

*magân n. “wright, builder”

*nitîr n. “kindler”

nudân n. “rider”

khulud n. “glass”

laban n. “bag”

kilik n. “chain”

*sulum n. “mast”

-thin n. “building, sanctuary”

tûph n. “cover, roof”

turub n. “anchor”

galab n. “marble”

gamad n. “dome”

danak n. “shape”

tarag n. “power, force”

Adjectives.

phîn adj. “apathetic, tepid, lazy”

Verbs.

gunud- v. “to excavate, dig”

tam- v. “to strike, beat”

*mag- v. “to build”

lukh- v. “to twist, contort”

kir- v. “to cut, slice, cleave, pass swiftly through”

kharab- v. “to grind”

*kan- v. “to hold, to restrain”

*kalab- v. “to fall (down), to lean (over)”

*rahat- n. “to break, rend”

ruzur- v. “to unleash, to fire”

pul- v. “to be able to, capable of something”

hir- v. “to do”

10. Motion and Transportation

Nouns.

adar n. “traveler”

*balak n. “ship”

raznân n. “wanderer, nomad”

*lôni. “port, haven”

*batân n. “road, path, way”

*nadrôthn. “hind-track”

*ôbrôth n. “fore-cutting, fore-wake”

ruthuk n. “rudder, plough”

Verbs.

razan- v. “to wander”

nadnôz- v. “to retreat, move (backwards)”

nôz- v. “to move”

obnôz- v. “to advance, move (forward)”

*phurus- v. “to gush, flow”

ralad- v. “to roll, tumble”

*nakh- v. “to come, approach”

rakat- v. “to reach, stretch out”

rin- v. “to sail, fly”

dun- v. “to sink, descend”

zul- v. “to rise, ascend”

*yad- v. “to go”

tap- v. “to jump, leap”

pat- v. “to walk quietly, sneak, tip-toe”

tarah- v. “to burrow, creep (through a hole)”

*dubud- v. “to fall (under influence / cover of)”

11. Possession and Trade

Nouns.

* n. “gift”

*-hil n. “heir”

Adjectives.

pêu adj. “poor, destitute, lacking”

Verbs.

tuluk- v. “to discover, to find”

yiz- v. “to save”

12. Spatial Relations

Nouns.

ê- pref. “spatial indicator”

*adûni n. “The West”

kharat n. “south”

phurut n. “north”

naha n. “secret”

mâd n. (“point, tip, peak, pinnacle”)

nêg n. “end”

Adjectives.

tara adj. “tall, high”

*zindi adj. “straight, right, true”

dala adj. “short, low”

tunga adj. “large, big, massive, gargantuan”

anadûni adj. “western”

*azûl adj. “east(ward)”

*adûn adj. “west(ward)”

akhâri adj. “left (directional)”

aphâm adj. “right (directional)”

sili adj. “inner, inside”

*asdi n. “full”

*miyi adj. “small”

gilib adj. “thick, fat”

*lôkh adj. “bent, crooked”

Verbs.

tug- v. “to grow, enlarge”

*khay- v. “to lie (down)”

lag- v. “to gather (up), collect”

Adverbs.

îzê adv. “here (at)”

*êphal adv/adj. “far”

pôz adv. “where”

Miscellaneous.

*kadô conj. “and so”

ka- conj. “and, ?but”

-(a)phal prep. “out”

13. Quantity and Number

Nouns.

îr num. “1, one”

*satta n. “2, two”

izri n. “3, three”

lêb num. “five”

*hazad n. “7, seven”

nidir num. “9, nine”

lêt num. “ten”

Adjectives.

iri adv. “alone”

bana adj. “half”

*katha adj. “all”

zuth- v. “to count, calculate, reckon”

vurun-v. “to increase, to add”

14. Time

Adverbs.

*tâidô adv. “once, then”

*îdô adv. “now”

rîm adv. “always, ever(lasting)”

Nouns.

*lômi n. “(good, pleasant) night”

kâr n. “hour, time”

î- pref. “temporal indicator”

zulûri n. “sunrise, morning, (lit.) ascend(ing) sun”

dunûri n. “sunset, evening, (lit.) sink(ing) sun”

tarza n. “future”

Adjectives.

zarâni adj. “old”

Verbs.

khat- v. “to halt, stop, wait”

aux. “will (be)”

aux. “has, had, was”

15. Sense Perception

Nouns.

agla n. “flash, brilliance, gleam, sparkle”

ullu n. “calm, mirror”

Adjectives.

zala adj. “green”

lurun adj. “blue”

rôsu adj. “brown”

karas adj. “red, ruddy”

malla adj. “yellow”

*dulgu adj. “dark, black”

biri adj. “white”

*gimil adj. “silver”

agath adj. “grey”

mâura adj. “orange”

khilki adj. “(ice)-cold”

*burôda adj. “very heavy”

buruda adj. “heavy”

khôsu adj. “harsh, brutal”

*kalath adj. “pure, clean”

Verbs.

*tabad- v. “to touch”

tud- v. “to watch”

siliw- v. “to shine, gleam”

gal- v. “to brighten, to light up” (to be removed)

bil- v. “to brighten, to light (up)”

darab- v. “to clear, clean (up)”

16. Will and Emotion

indi n. “will, resolve”

aphana n. “bliss”

*izrê n. “sweetheart, beloved”

*zir-v. “to love, desire”

*zîrân adj. “beloved”

*bêl- v. “to love (affection, familial love)”

zirbêth n. “praise, compliment”

duluz- v. “to mourn, to weep”

*zabath- v. “to (be) humble”

*zabathân adj. “(the) humbled (one)”

*zâir n. “longing, yearning”

*abâr n. “strength, endurance, fidelity”

*aglar n. “glory”

rakha n. “wrath, rage”

raza n. “mercy, compassion”

malak n. “malice”

zâukh n. “pain”

ugur n. “dread, terror, fear”

purub adj. “horrid, disgusting”

interj. “yes”

mêti adv. “please”

Adjectives.

sumu adj. “just, fair-minded”

mûl adj. “evil, corrupted, perverted”

kalama adj. “happy, merry”

mêra adj. “admirable, excellent, precious, splendid, sublime”

Verbs.

kalad- v. “to gladden, cheer (up)”

zêr n. “craving, wish”

izgil n. “regret”

izgilthâ v. “to regret”

mir- v. “to delight (in), enjoy, value”

his- v. “to hiss”

abrazâ- v. “to stand fast, endure, maintain”

rulug- n. “to wrong, to offend”

17. Mind and Thought

Nouns.

*nîph n. “fool, idiot”

vidir n. “wisdom”

vidri n. “heart (figurative)”

uznu n. “falsehood, deception”

zinid coll. “(all) truth”

unum n. “mind”

Adjectives.

nîphi adj. “foolish”

Verbs.

sayad- v. “to convince, have STH approved”

*saphad- v. “to understand”

marakh- v. “to experience, learn”

18. Language and Music

Nouns.

lirin n. “song”

n. “breath/voice”

kêrni v. “prayer”

lêrni n. “symphony”

*rûkh n. “shout”

*bêth n. “expression, saying, word”

dûm n. “drum”

*sûla n. “trump, trumpet”

*-iyê suf. “language suffix”

pâiyê n. “sign language, (lit.) hand language”

*nimriyê n. “Nimrian tongue, Elvish”

*Adûnayân n. “Adûnaic, (lit.) west-tongue”

kha- pref.  “interrogative particle”

man pron. “who, what”

Ê interj. “oh”

Verbs.

*bith- v. “to say”

yôz- v. “to play (music)”

kirin- v. “to sing”

19. Social Relations

Name.

êni n. “name”

King.

*ar- pref. “ruler, king/queen”

ârâ n. “ruler”

ârî n. “queen”

*ârû n. “king”

Noble, Nobleman.

*bâr n. “magistrate, governor”

hal- pref. “sir, lady”

hâlith adj. “great”

*khôr n. “lord”

*phaz- v. “to rule”

*phazân n. “prince, king’s son”

Communities.

rân n. “town”

*kadar n. “city”

ôbêl n. “community, village”

nakhat n. “meeting”

Region, Territory.

*thâni n. “realm, land”

Servant.

*bên n. “servant, ?person”

Traitor.

yazgâ n. “traitor”

yazgî n. “female traitor”

yazgû n. “male traitor”

Action.

nid- v. “to give, grant”

nig- v. “to complete, finish”

niy- v. “to allow, let”

mum- v. “to astound, astonish”

*namab- v. “to excuse, pardon”

kirib- v. “to forgive”

dar- v. “to wait”

hizid- v. “to help, to aid, to deliver”

Permission.

bâubêth n. “refusal”

*sâibêth n. “assent”

Foreign.

zôn adj. “strange, foreign, alien”

Friendship.

hilibv. “to befriend” (WIP)

hilbân n. “friend” (WIP)

20. Warfare and Hunting

Nouns.

zilid n. “peace”

halad n. “guard, warden”

halak n. “axe”

sirig n. “spear, lance”

sarân n. “hunter”

*nardû n. “soldier”

*azgar n. “war”

*kathuphazgân n. “conqueror”

*zagar n. “sword”

yûn n. “arrow”

aska n. “wound”

batha n. “bow”

bathân n. “archer”

gathar n. “legion, army, host”

kalun n. “victory”

khâd n. “captain”

khazar n. “corsair, pirate”

khazrî n. “female corsair”

khazrû n. “male corsair”

imra n. “warrior”

ikir n. “short sword, eket/ecet”

râma n. “castle”

thurum n. “shield, barrier”

Verbs.

sar- v. “to hunt”

agandâ- v. “to kill”

*phazag- v. “to conquer, win”

*azgarâ- v. “to (wage) war”

21. Law and Judgment

Nouns.

anga n. “doom, fate, judgment”

angadâ v. “to judge, sentence”

makhal n. “throne, authority”

angân n. “judge, (lit.) man of doom”

makhal n. “throne, authority”

makhalôn n. “arbiter, (lit.) authoritative (one)”

Verbs.

wir- v. “to swear, to take an oath”

22. Religion and Beliefs

Nouns.

*Êruhin n. “Child of God”

*manô n. “spirit”

zigir n. “sorcery”

zigrî n. “sorceress, witch”

*zigûr n. “sorcerer, evil wizard”

*avalê n. “goddess”

*avalô n. “Power, god, angel”

*sapthân n. “wise man, wizard”

*nimir n. “Elf, (lit.) Shining One”

urku/urkhu n. “orc, goblin”

unud n. “ent”

undî n. “female ent, entwife”

undû n. “male ent”

*izindu-bêth n. “true-sayer, prophet”

nimrî n. “Female Elf”

nimrû n. “Male Elf”

narag n. “dwarf”

nargî n. “female dwarf”

nargû n. “male dwarf”

*nimruzîr n. “Elf-friend”

balgû n. “giant”

banânâ n. “hobbit, (lit.) half-man”

Lôkho-lâi n. “Twisted-folk” (magical dragons)

rôkhu n. “dragon” (as in the lesser kind)”

ruzgâ; n. “balrog, demon”

ulgu n. “troll”

tublân n. “sinner, transgressor”

zinda/iznid n. “amen, verily”

muluk n. “corruption, perversion”

Adjectives.

nimri adj. “elvish”

sidan adj. “holy, hallow, blessed”

athara adj. “appointed, elevated, rightful, good”

Verbs.

tubul- v. “to transgress, sin”

phan- v. “to bless, sanctify”

23. Grammar

Negation.

*bâ particle. “no, not, don’t”

Prepositions.

*-ada prep. “to, towards, against”

*-ak prep. “away”

- prep. “as, like”

*-dalad prep. “under, beneath”

*-mâ prep. “with”

*-nad prep. “hind, behind”

*--nud prep. “on”

* prep. “from, so”

*--ôb prep. “fore, before”

-sil prep. “in”

-us prep. “for”

*-zê prep. “at”

-sik prep. “through”

su conj. “or”

Pronouns.

*(h)a- pron. “it, its”

*hê- pron. “I, me, my/mine”

*hi- pron. “she, her, hers”

*(h)u- pron. “he, him, his”

*ki- pron. “you, your(s) (singular)”

*- pron. “we, us, our(s)”

*ya- pron. “they, them, their(s)”

*yi- pron. “they, them, their(s) (Feminine)”

*yu- pron. “they, them, their(s) (Masculine)”

Affixes.

*-ân suf. “agental suffix”

*-ôn suff. “adjectival suffix”

-un suf. “masculine subjective suffix”

*-u suf. “Objective inflection”

-uk suf. “noun suffix”

*da- pref. “agental prefix”

*an- pref. “of, genitival/adjectival prefix”

Verb Inflections.

*-dâ suffix. “verbal suffix”

du/dô suf. “should, so-as”

v. “to be” (WIP)

nâi adv. “might, maybe, may it be”

*-dâ suffix. “verbal suffix”